{"id":112,"date":"2025-02-22T13:49:29","date_gmt":"2025-02-22T16:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stratejikankara.com\/?p=112"},"modified":"2025-02-22T16:42:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-22T19:42:33","slug":"akdeniz-bolgesinde-iklim-degisimleri-ve-toprak-bozulmasi-sonucu-bozulan-toprak-sagliginin-saglanmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stratejikankara.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/22\/akdeniz-bolgesinde-iklim-degisimleri-ve-toprak-bozulmasi-sonucu-bozulan-toprak-sagliginin-saglanmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde iklim de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve toprak bozulmas\u0131 sonucu bozulan toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde iklim de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve toprak bozunmas\u0131 sonucu bozulan toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda SHARING-MED ve SUS-SOIL projelerinin \u00f6nemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FAO ve AB, Akdeniz\u2019deki toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik stratejik bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez arazi y\u00f6netimi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisiyle Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki topraklar\u0131n %60-70\u2019inin bozuldu\u011fu ve durumun daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Toprak organik karbonunun azalmas\u0131, toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Afrika, G\u00fcney Avrupa B\u00f6lgesinde hakim olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ek olarak, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez arazi ve su y\u00f6netimi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 bu alanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini \u00e7\u00f6llere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor (Ortas 2022). Bozulmu\u015f ve tuzlanm\u0131\u015f topraklar g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini etkiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda SHARInG-MeD \u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc toprak organik karbon potansiyeli azalma e\u011filiminden \u00f6te azalm\u0131\u015f olup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck organik karbon do\u011frudan toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehdidiyle ilgilidir. SHARInG-MeD (Soil Health and Agriculture Resilience through an Integrated Geographical information systems of Mediterranean Drylands (Akdeniz Kurak Alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Entegre Co\u011frafi Bilgi Sistemleri Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Toprak Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tar\u0131msal Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k)) projesinin genel amac\u0131: Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi toprak-tar\u0131m g\u00f6stergelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler konusunda politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar, bilim insanlar\u0131, topraklar\u0131n son kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, vb. ile bilgilendirerek tar\u0131msal s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in fiziko-kimyasal, biyolojik (mikroorganizmalar, nematodlar, omurgas\u0131zlar, bitkiler), tar\u0131msal, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergeleri entegre eden standart bir toprak izleme plan\u0131 olu\u015fturarakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHARInG-MeD projesi alt\u0131 temel belirlenmi\u015f hedefi bulunmaktad\u0131r;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama\u00e7 1 \u00d6rneklenmemi\u015f alanlar\u0131 kapsayarak toprak \u00f6rneklerinin temel toprak analizleri yaparak temel toprak haritalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncellemek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ama\u00e7 2 Toprak \u00f6zelliklerinde Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m De\u011fi\u015fiminin rol\u00fcn\u00fcn incelenmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ama\u00e7 3 Toprak \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00f6netimi, verimlilik, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel etkilere verdi\u011fi tepkiyi analiz ederek toprak \u00f6zellikleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin tuzluluk, SOC, pH), \u00fcr\u00fcn verimleri, \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretiminin \u00e7evresel ve ekonomik performans\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde do\u011fan bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ama\u00e7 4 Toprak bozulmas\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin de\u011ferlendirerek gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemleri belirlenmesini sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ama\u00e7 5 Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131na uygun olarak bilim ve ileti\u015fim uzmanlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmesi ile projenin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ilgililere aktarmak ve onlardan geribildirimleri al\u0131p yeni planlama sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ama\u00e7 6 Toprak fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m-toprak y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvik etmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHARInG-MeD projesi ile Akdeniz tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda toprak kalitesi \u00fczerinde arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkileri agroekolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ile sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Proje, geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekte toprak \u00f6zelliklerinin modellerini; en ince ay\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar toprak \u00f6zelliklerinin de\u011fi\u015fimlerini; arazi veya \u00fcr\u00fcn (\u00f6zellikle toprak) y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131 ile tar\u0131msal sistemlerin veya \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7evresel ve ekonomik performanslar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri modellemeyi; farkl\u0131 kamu veri tabanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toprak verilerinin uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Akdeniz\u2019in kurak b\u00f6lgelerinde, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 Asya ve Kuzey Afrika (WANA) b\u00f6lgelerinde, toprak iyile\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n (koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 tar\u0131m, organik materyal uygulamalar\u0131, yararl\u0131 mikroorganizmalar kullan\u0131m\u0131) yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Bu stratejilerin (arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve arazi kullan\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, toprak koruma uygulamalar\u0131, organik madde ve yararl\u0131 mikroorganizma ilaveleri) ve Horizon Europe Toprak Misyonunun avantajlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131, internet sitesi, kitle ve sosyal medya etkinlikleri, dergi ve bilimsel yay\u0131nlar, foto\u011fraf ve videolar, kongreler, orta \u00f6\u011fretim dersleri, \u00e7ift\u00e7i e\u011fitimleri ve proje faaliyetleri \u00fczerine bir Kapsaml\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131k \u00c7evrim \u0130\u00e7i Ders (Massive Open Online Course) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktif bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131tacakt\u0131r. Bu veriler ve modeller, bu g\u00f6stergelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Akdeniz peyzaj\u0131 ve mahsul s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda payda\u015flar\u0131 bilgilendirerek tar\u0131msal s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi art\u0131racak ve tar\u0131m\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00fczerindeki etkisini azaltmada katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 mod\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda, proje, Avrupa\u2019da uygulanan JRC-ERC LUCAS mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile Afrika\u2019da uygulanan H2020, Soil4Africa projesi aras\u0131nda bir uyum stratejisi sa\u011flayarak G\u00fcney Avrupa, Bat\u0131 Asya ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019da (WANA) farkl\u0131 ve e\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f arazi kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi de inceleyecektir. Son olarak, SHARInG-MeD di\u011fer H2020, Horizon Europe, PRIMA, ulusal ve di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 projeler ve giri\u015fimler, ara\u015ft\u0131rma altyap\u0131lar\u0131 ve ya\u015fam laboratuvarlar\u0131 ile sinerji kuracak. SHARInG-MeD projesi hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, Avrupa\u2019da geni\u015f alanlardaki farkl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n \u00f6rnekleme stratejileri (LUCAS toprak mod\u00fcl\u00fc) ve Afrika\u2019da (H2020 Soil4Africa) veya toprak \u00f6rnekleme kampanyalar\u0131 ile Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi Toprak Atlas\u0131ndan veri sa\u011flanacak, ayr\u0131ca literat\u00fcrdeki toprak ve mahsul analizlerine ili\u015fkin metodolojiler de kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. SHARInG-MeD \u00f6rnekleme d\u00fczeni, LUCAS toprak mod\u00fcl\u00fc, Soil4Africa ve Toprak Atlas\u0131nda bulunan bilinen sahalar\u0131n tekrar \u00f6rneklenmesini ve\/ya \u00f6rnekleme eksikli\u011fi bulunan alanlar\u0131n da dahil edilmesini kapsayacak \u015fekilde hem yeni sahalar\u0131 hem de bilinen sahalar\u0131n yeniden \u00f6rneklenmesini i\u00e7erecektir (Orgiazzi, et al. 2018). \u00d6rnekleme, \u00e7iftlik arazilerini (aralar\u0131nda tar\u0131m arazisi de olacak \u015fekilde, tuzluluk veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatmadan etkilenmi\u015f alanlarda dahil) veya toprak iyile\u015ftirici y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131yla ilgili saha deneylerini i\u00e7erecektir. Belirtilen toprak \u00f6zellikleri (toprak ya\u015fam g\u00f6stergeleri dahil) ve potansiyel sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecektir. Tarla denmeleri ile ekonomik ak\u0131\u015flar ve Ya\u015fam D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc De\u011ferlendirmesi unsurlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecektir. Bu \u00f6rnekleme d\u00fczenlerini uyumlu hale getirmek i\u00e7in modeller olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r. SHARInG-MeD ve SUS-SOIL taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen modeller, ulusal, AB ve AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma veri tabanlar\u0131, altyap\u0131lar ve ya\u015fam laboratuvarlar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan verilere kar\u015f\u0131 hem i\u00e7 hem de d\u0131\u015f do\u011frulama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden ge\u00e7irilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 ve Beklenen Etkiler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7lar ve beklenen sonu\u00e7lar, belirli konunun t\u00fcm gereksinimlerini kapsamakta; Akdeniz kurak b\u00f6lgelerinde toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve restorasyonu i\u00e7in bir ortam sa\u011flayarak toprak bozulma s\u00fcreci ile verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00e7evresel etki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sunmakta; tar\u0131m-toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hem \u00e7evresel hem de insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda uyumla\u015ft\u0131rma modelleri ve g\u00f6stergeler sunmakta; bu modellerin ger\u00e7ek ko\u015fullarda do\u011frulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta; Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki mevcut toprak izleme durumu ve mevcut toprak verilerinin durumuna dair bir kan\u0131t sentezi sunmakta ve b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte toprak ekosistemi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut fiziko-kimyasal, biyolojik, tar\u0131msal, ekonomik ve di\u011fer \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergelerin modellerini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r; di\u011fer Horizon 2020, PRIMA, ulusal projeler ve giri\u015fimler, ara\u015ft\u0131rma altyap\u0131lar\u0131 ve ya\u015fam laboratuvarlar\u0131 ile sinerjileri belirlemek ve kurmakt\u0131r; Toprak Atlas\u0131ndaki Ulusal Toprak Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 sunmakta; genel kamu ve payda\u015flarla etkili bir yay\u0131l\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim etkinliklerinde onlar\u0131 s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda arazi kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda (\u00f6zellikle tuzdan etkilenen veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlat\u0131lan veya di\u011fer bozulmu\u015f alanlarda) \u00f6rnekleme ve bilinen alanlar\u0131n yeniden \u00f6rneklemesi, toprak korumas\u0131n\u0131, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00fcr\u00fcn verimlili\u011fi ve k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma yan\u0131nda tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7evresel etkisini etkileyen temel bir y\u00f6netim stratejisi (arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131) hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler (FAO) ve Avrupa ortak Ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezi (EC) taraf\u0131ndan LUCAS, EC (Ortak Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Avrupa ve Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde toprak bilgisi toplamak i\u00e7in metodolojiler, ara\u00e7lar ve g\u00f6stergeler geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok \u00e7aba sarf edilmektedir. Toprak bilgisinin kolayca eri\u015filebilir ve standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir veri taban\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in metodolojileri ve g\u00f6stergeleri uyumlu hale getirmeye acil ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ile Shering-Med ve SUS-SOIL ya\u015fayan laboratuvar\u0131 projeleri \u00fczerinden topra\u011f\u0131 yeniden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturacak organlara ve mekanizmalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor. SHARInG-MeD projesi, Akdeniz kurak alanlar\u0131nda toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar sunarak toprak bozulmas\u0131 ile m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayacakt\u0131r. Proje \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131, tar\u0131msal s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7evresel etkilerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yerel ile uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde politika yap\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda etkili bir ara\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r. Proje amac\u0131na uygun olarak toprak y\u00f6netimi konusunda ba\u015fta orta\u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00f6\u011frencilere en az 2 ders yan\u0131nda \u00e7ift\u00e7i okulu, toprak y\u00f6netimi okulu; politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar ve di\u011fer payda\u015flarla (\u00f6rne\u011fin sanayi, ticaret vb.) yer alan de\u011fi\u015fik kesimlere topra\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve olas\u0131 etkilerinin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof.Dr. \u0130brahim ORTA\u015e, DOSDER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde iklim de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve toprak bozunmas\u0131 sonucu bozulan toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda SHARING-MED ve SUS-SOIL projelerinin \u00f6nemi. FAO ve 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